Users distinguish between a main element (figure) and its surrounding backdrop (ground).
The Figure-Ground Principle is a fundamental visual perception concept where viewers identify a figure or object distinctly from its surrounding environment, which is considered the ground. This principle is rooted in Gestalt psychology, emphasising how humans often organise visual elements into groups or unified wholes when certain principles are applied.
Background
Originating from Gestalt psychology in the 1920s, the Figure-Ground Principle is one of the foundational concepts in visual perception. It describes how humans differentiate an object from its surrounding area. This differentiation is crucial in understanding visual scenes, as it helps determine what we focus on and what fades into the background.
Figure-ground Principle Design Example
On a website, the navigation menu (figure) might be distinguished from its background (ground) using color contrast, drop shadows, or other design elements. For instance, a white text menu on a dark background immediately stands out, making it easy for users to identify and interact with the menu options.
Design takeaways
- Contrast is Key: Ensure there’s enough contrast between the figure and the ground to make elements stand out.
- Utilise Space: Proper spacing can help emphasise the figure and make it distinct from its background.
- Be Mindful of Ambiguity: While playing with figure-ground reversals can be intriguing, it might confuse users if overdone.
- Prioritise Important Elements: Use the figure-ground principle to highlight essential elements, guiding users to focus on them.
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